Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance · chapter 3 · id grit-c3-01-duckworths-formula-talent-x-ef

“Duckworth's formula: Talent x Effort = Skill, and Skill x Effort = Achievement. Therefore effort counts twice in the achievement equation.”

needs contextconfidence: medium⚠ extracted by pipeline, re-audit pending

Receipts

Duckworth et al. (2007), JPSP 92(6)DOI registry: valid

Duckworth proposes that talent determines the rate at which skill improves with effort, and achievement is the product of acquired skill and effort applied to it.

Plomin & Deary (2015), Molecular Psychiatry 20(1), 98-108DOI registry: valid

Intelligence is the strongest single predictor of educational achievement (r ~ .50-.60), and this relationship is substantially genetic in origin.

This claim is a stable, citable object. If you can falsify a verdict, tell us — corrections are loud here.