Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance · chapter 3 · id grit-c3-03-the-effort-equation-talent-x-e

“The effort equation (Talent x Effort = Skill, Skill x Effort = Achievement) means effort counts twice in the achievement equation, making it mathematically more important than talent.”

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CNBC - Duckworth's formula for successsource alive

When composed together, achievement = talent x effort squared. Effort counts twice because it builds skill and makes skill productive.

Grit book text - Chapter on Practicesource alive

Effort counts twice because it builds skill and also makes skill productive.

Crede et al. (2017), JPSP meta-analysissource alive

Grit is only moderately correlated with performance outcomes, suggesting that the relationship between effort and achievement is not as strong as Duckworth's equation implies.

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