Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance · chapter 9 · id grit-c9-03-carol-dwecks-research-on-growt

“Carol Dweck's research on growth mindset shows that people who believe abilities can be developed through effort outperform those with a fixed mindset who believe abilities are innate.”

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Scientific American - Growth Mindset Debatesource alive

Dweck's original studies showed that children praised for effort were more likely to persist on difficult tasks than children praised for intelligence. However, recent replication attempts have produced mixed results.

PMC (2021) - What Can Be Learned from Growth Mindset Controversies?source alive

Timothy Bates at Edinburgh University has tried for several years to replicate Dweck's findings, each time without success. Some pillars of the research have failed to replicate or had smaller effect sizes.

Wikipedia - Carol Dwecksource alive

A large-scale Nature study (2019) found a small but statistically significant effect of growth mindset interventions on lower-achieving students. However, the effect was small (0.1 SD) and limited to specific subgroups.

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