Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind · chapter 1 · id sapiens-c1-03-before-the-cognitive-revolutio
“Before the Cognitive Revolution, multiple human species coexisted on Earth, including Neanderthals, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, and Denisovans.”
holdsconfidence: high⚠ extracted by pipeline, re-audit pending
Receipts
Green et al. (2010), Science 328(5979):710-722 -- Neanderthal genomeDOI registry: valid
A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome reveals that Neanderthals contributed 1-4% of their genome to present-day non-Africans, confirming interbreeding with Homo sapiens.
Detroit et al. (2019), Nature 568:181-186 -- Homo luzonensisDOI registry: valid
A new species, Homo luzonensis, is described from Late Pleistocene cave deposits in the Philippines, dated to 67,000-50,000 BP, adding another species to the multi-species picture.
Slon et al. (2018), Nature 561:113-116 -- Neanderthal-Denisovan hybridDOI registry: valid
Genomic analysis of a bone fragment from Denisova Cave identifies a first-generation offspring of a Neanderthal mother and Denisovan father, confirming species overlap and interbreeding.
This claim is a stable, citable object. If you can falsify a verdict, tell us — corrections are loud here.