Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies · chapter 1 · id superintelligence-c1-03-ai-development-has-followed-a-

“AI development has followed a pattern of hype cycles ('AI summers') followed by periods of reduced funding and disillusionment ('AI winters'), particularly in the 1970s and late 1980s.”

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Wikipedia: AI Wintersource alive

An AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in AI research. The term was coined by analogy to nuclear winter.

IEEE Spectrum: The Turbulent Past and Uncertain Future of AIsource alive

The 1973 Lighthill report to the UK Parliament criticized AI's failure to achieve 'grandiose objectives,' leading to significant funding cuts. A second winter hit in the late 1980s when expert systems failed to deliver on promises.

Communications of the ACM: How the AI Boom Went Bustsource alive

Major corporations shuttered AI divisions and academic research ground to a halt in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

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