Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don't Have All the Facts · chapter 4 · id thinking-in-bets-c4-04-robert-mertons-cudos-norms----
“Robert Merton's CUDOS norms -- Communism, Universalism, Disinterestedness, Organized Skepticism -- describe the institutional norms that make science effective at truth-seeking, and can be adapted for decision-making groups.”
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Wikipedia, Mertonian normssource alive
In 1942, Robert K. Merton described four institutional imperatives of science: communism, universalism, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism (CUDOS).
Robert K. Merton (1942), 'The Normative Structure of Science' (original text)source alive
The ethos of science is that affectively toned complex of values and norms which is held to be binding on the man of science. The institutional goal of science is the extension of certified knowledge.
Oxford Review of Education (2023), 'The DECAY of Merton's scientific norms and the new academic ethos'paywalled — manual check queued
Merton's representation of the normative character of science has proved to be one of the most enduring of all sociological analyses, though modern academia increasingly violates these norms.
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